What are the first-line treatments for major depressive disorder?

The first-line treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD) are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs are widely used because they effectively increase serotonin levels in the brain, which can help elevate mood and alleviate depressive symptoms. They are generally well-tolerated by patients and have a more favorable side effect profile compared to older antidepressants, making them a preferred choice in many clinical settings.

The choice of SSRIs as a primary treatment option is supported by a substantial body of research showing their efficacy in treating MDD. They typically lead to significant improvements in depressive symptoms, and because of their relatively milder side effects, they are often considered safer, especially for long-term use. This makes them suitable for a broad range of patients.

In contrast, benzodiazepines primarily treat anxiety and have a risk of dependence, making them unsuitable for treating MDD. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are effective but are generally reserved for treatment-resistant cases due to the dietary restrictions and potential side effects associated with their use. Atypical antipsychotics may be used as adjunctive treatments but are not considered first-line therapy for depression on their own. Therefore, SSRIs remain the standard initial treatment for individuals diagnosed with major