What chronic condition requires monitoring of INR levels?

The monitoring of INR (International Normalized Ratio) levels is crucial for patients with atrial fibrillation who are on anticoagulation therapy, particularly with medications such as warfarin. Atrial fibrillation increases the risk of thromboembolic events, like stroke, due to the irregular heart rhythms that can lead to blood clots forming in the heart. Anticoagulant therapy is used to prevent these clots, but it also increases the risk of bleeding, making it essential to carefully monitor INR levels.

The INR provides a standardized measurement to ensure that the blood's clotting ability is maintained within the therapeutic range, balancing the prevention of clots and the risk of excessive bleeding. Regular monitoring helps healthcare providers adjust the dosage of anticoagulants as needed, ensuring patient safety and effective treatment.

Other chronic conditions listed do not typically require INR monitoring for their management. For instance, hypertension is managed through blood pressure monitoring rather than INR, chronic kidney disease primarily involves monitoring kidney function parameters, and coronary artery disease usually focuses on lipid levels and cardiovascular risk factors.