Which medication is commonly used to treat an active asthma attack?

Short-acting beta agonists, such as albuterol, are the first-line treatment for acute asthma attacks due to their rapid onset of action in dilating bronchial passages. These medications work by stimulating beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle of the airways, resulting in bronchodilation, which relieves the immediate symptoms of asthma, including wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.

They are preferred in emergency situations because they can quickly improve airflow and alleviate respiratory distress, which is critical during an active asthma episode. The effects of short-acting beta agonists are usually felt within minutes, making them essential for quick relief.

While other classes of medications, such as corticosteroids, play an important role in managing inflammation and preventing future attacks, they do not provide immediate relief for an ongoing asthma attack. Long-acting beta agonists are used for maintenance therapy and are not suitable for acute exacerbations due to their slower onset. Anticholinergics can also be used in some cases to provide added bronchodilation, but they are not the primary choice during an active asthma attack compared to short-acting beta agonists.